from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path("polls/", include("polls.urls")),
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
]

python manage.py migrate

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models


class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")


class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

python manage.py makemigrations polls
python manage.py migrate

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "polls.apps.PollsConfig",
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
]

python manage.py shell

python manage.py createsuperuser

# admin.py
from .models import Question
admin.site.register(Question)

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the polls index.")


def sayHello(request):
    return JsonResponse({"ans": "Hello"})
def detail(request, question_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're looking at question %s." % question_id)


def results(request, question_id):
    response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
    return HttpResponse(response % question_id)


def vote(request, question_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    # ex: /polls/
    path("", views.index, name="index"),
    # ex: /polls/5/
    path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
    # ex: /polls/5/results/
    path("<int:question_id>/results/", views.results, name="results"),
    # ex: /polls/5/vote/
    path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),

    path("what", views.vote, name="vote"),
]

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Question

def index(request):
    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
    context = {"latest_question_list": latest_question_list}
    return render(request, "polls/index.html", context)

from django.http import Http404
from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Question


# ...
def detail(request, question_id):
    try:
        question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
    except Question.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404("Question does not exist")
    return render(request, "polls/detail.html", {"question": question})
    def detail(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, "polls/detail.html", {"question": question})

path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail")

<li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>

<li><a href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>

app_name = "polls"

HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("polls:results", args=(question.id,)))

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from django.urls import reverse
from django.views import generic

from .models import Choice, Question


class IndexView(generic.ListView):
    template_name = "polls/index.html"
    context_object_name = "latest_question_list"

    def get_queryset(self):
        """Return the last five published questions."""
        return Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]


class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = "polls/detail.html"


class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = "polls/results.html"


def vote(request, question_id):
    # same as above, no changes needed.
    ...

import datetime
from django.test import TestCase
from django.utils import timezone

from .models import Question


class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
        is in the future.
        """
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)

python manage.py test polls

pip install fastapi
pip install "uvicorn[standard]"

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}

# 如果你的代码里会出现 async / await，请使用 async def：


from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}

import asyncio
import tornado

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("Hello, world")

def make_app():
    return tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/", MainHandler),
    ])

async def main():
    app = make_app()
    app.listen(8888)
    await asyncio.Event().wait()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

pip install tornado

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("Hello, world")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/", MainHandler),
    ])
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()    

pip install sanic

from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import text

app = Sanic("MyHelloWorldApp")

@app.get("/")
async def hello_world(request):
    return text("Hello, world.")

app = Sanic("MyApp")

@app.before_server_start
async def attach_db(app, loop):
    app.ctx.db = Database()
    
    
# app registry 相当于在一个地方给它挂Sanic上
# ./path/to/server.py
from sanic import Sanic

app = Sanic("my_awesome_server")

# ./path/to/somewhere_else.py
from sanic import Sanic

app = Sanic.get_app("my_awesome_server")

# 数据库配置
app = Sanic('myapp')

app.config.DB_NAME = 'appdb'
app.config['DB_USER'] = 'appuser'

db_settings = {
    'DB_HOST': 'localhost',
    'DB_NAME': 'appdb',
    'DB_USER': 'appuser'
}
app.config.update(db_settings)


# ./path/to/server.py 工厂模式得到app并使用sanic path.to.server:create_app运行
from sanic import Sanic
from .path.to.config import MyConfig
from .path.to.some.blueprint import bp


def create_app(config=MyConfig) -> Sanic:
    app = Sanic("MyApp", config=config)
    app.blueprint(bp)
    return app

from sanic import text

@app.get("/foo")
async def foo_handler(request):
    return text("I said foo!")
@app.get("/typed")
async def typed_handler(request: Request):
    return text("Done.")

@app.route('/test', methods=["POST", "PUT"])
async def handler(request):
    return text('OK')

@app.reload_process_start
async def reload_start(*_):
    print(">>>>>> reload_start <<<<<<")

@app.main_process_start
async def main_start(*_):
    print(">>>>>> main_start <<<<<<")
	
@app.before_server_start
async def before_start(*_):
	print(">>>>>> before_start <<<<<<")

@app.listener("before_server_start")
async def listener_1(app, loop):
    print("listener_1")

@app.before_server_start
async def listener_2(app, loop):
    print("listener_2")

@app.listener("after_server_start")
async def listener_3(app, loop):
    print("listener_3")

@app.after_server_start
async def listener_4(app, loop):
    print("listener_4")

@app.listener("before_server_stop")
async def listener_5(app, loop):
    print("listener_5")

@app.before_server_stop
async def listener_6(app, loop):
    print("listener_6")

@app.listener("after_server_stop")
async def listener_7(app, loop):
    print("listener_7")

@app.after_server_stop
async def listener_8(app, loop):
    print("listener_8")

# ./my_blueprint.py
from sanic.response import json
from sanic import Blueprint

bp = Blueprint("my_blueprint")

@bp.route("/")
async def bp_root(request):
    return json({"my": "blueprint"})

from sanic import Sanic
from my_blueprint import bp

app = Sanic(__name__)
app.blueprint(bp)